Monitoring of social and political attitudes during COVID-19 pandemic
Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Adrian Hase, Karolina Dyduch-Hazar, Julia Bilarzewska
The study presents a monthly look at levels of collective narcissism and other psychological variables relating to group-based beliefs and political orientation. The study was started on April 19, 2020 and is being repeated each month by the Ariadna Research Panel using the computer assisted web interview (CAWI) method. The recruited sample comprises Polish citizens and is nationally representative in terms of age, gender and place of residence.
Link to the detailed description of the scales used in the research.
1. Patriotism, nationalism, collective narcissism
Responses were scored on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (definitely disagree) to 10 (definitely agree).
Nationalism - the desire for national supremacy and orientation toward international dominance (Kosterman & Feshbach, 1989).
Collective narcissism – The resentment for the insufficient recognition of one's own group exceptionality, measured with the 5-item Collective Narcissism Scale (Golec de Zavala, Dyduch-Hazar, & Lantos, 2019).
2. Perceived economic situation in the country
Responses were scored on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (definitely disagree) to 10 (definitely agree).
Perception of Family versus National Economic Situation – An index of the relative economic situation of one’s family when compared to the national economic situation created from two items assessing perceived economic situation of 1) one’s family and 2) one’s nation. Greater values denote a relatively more favorable situation of one’s family versus the national economic situation.
3. Presidential elections voting intentions
The reported data are expressed as a valid percent.
4. Political preferences
The reported data are expressed as a valid percent.
5. Prejudice
Responses were scored on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (definitely disagree) to 10 (definitely agree).
Negative emotions towards Ukrainian immigrants and Syrian refugee- respondents were asked to what extent they felt the following negative emotions towards members of the abovementioned foreign nationals: anger, fear, indignation, resentment, disgust, resentment, and a desire to condemn.
Homophobia- prejudice or discrimination against homosexuals has been measured using the Modern Homophobia Scale (Raja et al., 1998).
6. Authoritarianism
Responses were scored on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (definitely disagree) to 10 (definitely agree).
Authoritarianism - the attitudinal cluster of submission to authorities defined by coercive power, conventionalism, and aggression towards those who threaten the social order (Altemeyer, 1988).
National cohesion - the belief that Poland, as a group, is unanimous, structured and effective (Waytz & Young, 2012).
Sexual prejudice
Ambivalent sexism - prejudice or discrimination based on sex. It was measured using the Ambivalent Sex Inventory (Rollero, Glick, & Tartaglia, 2014). This scale is divided into two subscales: benevolent and hostile sexism.
Non traditional women as threat - perception of women who do not fulfill traditionally accepted roles as a threat to the survival of the nation.
Non-heterosexuals as threat - prejudice against sexual minorities as a threat to the survival of the nation.
7. Trust in people and solidarity with others
Responses were scored on a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (definitely disagree) to 10 (definitely agree).
8. Political self-placement orientation
Left-Right Self-Placement – One’s perceived placement on the left-right continuum of political orientation.
Liberal-Conservative Self-Placement – One’s perceived placement on the liberal-conservative continuum of political orientation.
Wave 1 (28/02/2020 – 04/03/2020): N = 1060; 568 women, 492 men; Age: from 18 to 94 years, M = 45.09, SD = 16.00
Wave 2 (13/03/2020 – 18/03/2020): N = 932; 500 women, 432 men; Age: from 18 to 93 years, M = 45.62, SD = 15.79; attrition rate = 12.08%
Wave 3 (27/03/2020 – 01/04/2020): N = 889; 461 women, 428 men; with an Age from 18 to 93 years, M = 45.97, SD = 15.86; attrition rate = 19.91%
Wave 4 (10/04/2020 – 15/04/2020): N = 826; 427 women, 399 men, age ranging from 18 to 94 years, M = 46.30, SD = 15.77, attrition rate = 22.08%
Wave 5 (24/04/2020 – 30/04/2020): N = 808; 418 women, 390 men, age ranging from 18 to 94 years, M = 46.37, SD = 15.74, attrition rate = 23.77%
Wave 6 (08/05/2020 – 18/05/2020): N = 782; 394 women, 388 men, age ranging from 18 to 93 years, M = 45.51, SD = 16.22, attrition rate = 26.19%.